(THIS TEST COVERS THE PERIOD JULY TO MID-OCTOBER 1952)
Prepared by The Editors of TIME in collaboration with Alvin C. Eurich and Elmo C. Wilson
(Copyright 1952 by TIME Inc.)
This test is to help TIME readers and their friends check their knowledge of current affairs. In recording answers, you needn't mark opposite the questions. Use one of the answer sheets printed with the test: sheets for four persons are provided. After taking the test, check your replies against the correct answers printed on the last page of the test, entering the number of right answers as your score on the answer sheet.
FIVE CHOICES
For most of the 105 test questions, five possible answers are given. You are to select the correct answer and put its number on the answer sheet next to the number of that question. Example:
0. Russia's boss is:
1. Kerensky. 3. Stalin. 5. Stakhanov.
2. Lenin. 4. Trotsky.
Stalin, of course, is the correct answer. Since this question is numbered 0, the number 3--standing for Stalin--has been placed at the right of 0 on the answer sheet.
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Election Incidents & Issues
1. What prominent candidate dutifully enrolled in his party for the first time?
Adlai Stevenson.
Robert R. McCormick.
Homer Capehart.
Dwight Kisenhower.
5. James Byrnes. 2. In coming out for Eisenhower, John Foster Dulles declared that the prime issue in the campaign is and must be: /. "The Washington." mess n 2. Foreign policy.
3. Inflation.
4. ism." "Creeping Social 5. Truman's labor policy. 3. At Philadelphia Ike re-emphasized the peaceful intent of his promise, made at Madison Square Garden, to:
1. Recognize Red China.
2. Exploit the Mid dle East.
3. Restore the free dom of satellite peoples.
4. Aid Negro South Africans. u 5. "Take care" of Peron.
4. Adlai Stevenson said that co-exis tence with Russia involved:
1. An all-out war effort.
2. Compromise but never appeasement.
3. A return to isolation.
4. Restraint in his quipping.
5. The freeing of all satellite peoples. 5. When Stevenson gibed that "Nobody can stand on a bushel of eels" he was poking fun at:
1. Ike's stand on Nixon.
2. Ike and the Mc-Carthy-Jenner situation.
3. Truman's record.
4. Corruption in high places.
5. The Republican party platform.
6. What famous American said of Adlai and Ike: "They are both my boys"?
1. Wayne Morse.
2. Douglas MacArthur.
3. Eugene Dennis.
4. George Catlett Marshall.
5. Harry Truman.
7. What Wisconsinite's victory over a "talkathon" underlined the issue of Communists in the Government?
1. Robert M. La Follette.
2. Len Schmitt.
3. Joe McCarthy.
4. Arthur Bliss Lane.
5. Ralph Bunche.
8. At Kasson, Minn., Ike scored the "agricrats," came out:
1. Against all farm price-supports.
2. For full parity support.
3. Against large landholdings.
4. For 80% parity instead of the present 90%.
5. For the Brannan Plan.
9. When Truman first snapped out at "snollygosters" he was referring to:
1. Dixiecrats who support Ike.
2. Swedish news editors.
3. Republican opponents of his foreign policy.
4. The steel companies.
5. Opponents of free tariff. 10. Stevenson has promised labor he will ask for:
1.
Unification of all labor unions.
2. Repeal of Taft-Hartley, passage of a new law.
3. Nationalization of the steel industry.
4. Absolute arbitration laws.
5. Appointment of a labor leader to the U.N. 11. In light of their "anticorruption" drive, the Republicans suffered a momentary setback when it came out that Ike's running mate had:
1. Maintained a secret link with Washington five-percenters.
2. Stolen Massachusetts' sacred cod.
3. Kept his wife on his Washington payroll.
4. Accepted $18,235 from private sources.
5. Indeed run off -- with campaign funds. 12. Tea parties and charm have helped make John Kennedy of Boston a hot contender for:
/. The governorship of his state.
2. A Massachusetts pension.
3. The Democratic nomination for Senator.
4. The Senate seat of Henry Cabot Lodge.
5. The mayoralty of his city. 13. The Republican "truth squad" was a countermeasure to:
1. W. Stuart Symington's high-level campaign in Missouri.
2. Senator Byrd's support of Stevenson.
3. Tallulah Bankhead's statements on Stevenson.
4. Humphry Bogart's apostasy.
5. Truman's vitriolic whistle-stop attacks on Ike. 14. Stevenson lost the support of Texas' Governor Allan Shivers over the issue of:
1. State income taxes.
2. Tidelands oil.
3. Taxes on wildcatting.
4. Repeal of Taft-Hartley.
5. FEPC. 15. John Elliott Rankin, U.S. Repre sentative from Mississippi for 32 years:
1. Is the American Party's candidate for President.
2. Was rejected for renomination by Mississippi voters.
3. Will help Mike Di Salle campaign in Ohio.
4. Bolted the Democratic Party after Stevenson's nomination.
5. Resigned because of his gout.
Business & Finance 26. Attorney General James P. Mc-Granery slapped a suit on ten oil companies, seeking to recover alleged overcharges on Middle Eastern oil sold to:
/. The Navy. 4. Egypt.
2. The RFC. 5. Governor Shiv-3. ECA. ers. 27. To Masterbuilder Peter Kiewit went the second biggest single construction contract ever awarded, the $1.2 billion contract for: 1. Erecting the new uranium plant in southern Ohio.
2. Building new steel mills in Venezuela.
3. Resurfacing the Alcan highway.
4. Rebuilding Eniwetok.
5. Putting in sewers in Brooklyn. 28. The name of an American businessman, W. Alton Jones, has cropped up amidst the turbulent oil situation in:
1. Spain.
2. Brazil.
3. China.
4. Iran.
5. Egypt. 29. The yard techniques of U.S. railroads may soon be revolutionized by the use of:
1. The Vidicon camera, a new type of TV camera.
2. I.B.M. freight-control equipment.
3. Robot engineers.
4. Switching engines.
5. Rubber tires on locomotives.
Also 30. Ex-President Herbert Hoover went boating one night in his night clothes because:
1. He likes to.
2. He was paying off a convention bet.
3. His host's mountain lodge caught fire.
4. His Memoirs needed some publicity.
5. The steamer on which he was traveling ran aground. 31. Bayard Pfundtner Peakes, deranged slayer of Eileen Pahey, wanted:
1. Revenge for a suspected jilting.
2. Money to finance a lobotomy.
3. Publicity for his crackpot thesis on electrons.
4. To call attention
to his mental condition.
5. Nothing. 32. Breda and Frank could not complete the fairy tale; and so ended the romance that began: 1. In a little theater off Union Square.
2. In Toots Shor's cellar.
3. In wartime Italy.
4. In an aspirin bottle.
5. Inertia. 33. Ben Fairless and Phil Murray finally stopped the steel strike by agreeing on terms which included all but one:
1. Straight 16-c- raise for the steel workers.
2. 6-c- fringe benefits.
3. A straight union shop.
4. All new workers must join the union.
5. Workers have option of leaving the union. 34. What college professor, mistakenly banned from foreign travel, charged: "This incident. . . discloses how close we are to ... government-by-informer":
1. Albert Einstein. 2. Owen Lattimore. 3. Arthur Compton.
4. Bergen Evans. 5. Louis Martz.
SPELL IT OUT
Later on you'll come across a nine-letter word in a question on India. Just for fun--no score --see if you can spell it out now before you come to it. The first letter of each correct answer below spells the nine-letter word.
1. The first name of a foreign-born actress who commented unfavorably on the pectoral development of Corinne Calvet.
2. Name of a Pacific defense union (consisting of Australia, New Zealand, the U.S.).
3. Soldiers in the Aleutians voted her the girl most likely to thaw out Alaska.
4. This country was wary of Reds bearing gifts, refused any famine relief which had political strings attached.
5. The last name of a famous Finnish runner, now 55, who this year renewed the eternal flame at the Olympic Games.
6. The last name of the governor who got in a rhubarb with Secaucus, N.J. over its pigs.
7. This Russian-language picture magazine, effective propaganda published by the U.S. State Department, was allowed to die.
8. Mrs. Ben Bernie charged criminal libel during the war between these two.
9. New widely publicized drug effective against T.B. and useful in mental cases.
INTERNATIONAL & FOREIGN
Big Brother 35. Pauker was out. In Ana's native Rumania there had been another:
1. Baseball game.
2. Popular election;
3. Capitalist coup.
4. Prizefight:
5. Purge. 36. In nearby Hungary, the puppet National Assembly dutifully crowned as Premier the hard-bitten Communist revolutionary: 1. Matyas Rakosi. 4. Georgi Dimitrov 5. Edvard Kardelj.
3. Laszlo Rajk. 5. Traicho Kostov. 37. Five old historic states became 14 new administrative districts as the Reds performed facial surgery, Communist style, in: 1. Czechoslovakia. 4. Bulgaria.
2. East Germany. 5. Tibet.
3. Albania. 38. Two specifics after the 30-day Sino-Soviet conference in Moscow: Russia will give China complete control of the Changchun Railway but, until a peace is signed between the Communist states and Japan, will: 1. Quit Sakhalin Island.
2. Stop Japanese immigration to the U.S.S.R.
3. Retain control of steel production in Manchuria.
Keep troops at the naval base of Port
Arthur.
Furnish no war materiel to China. 39. At the 19th Communist Congress, Rising Favorite Georgy Malenkov stressed enmity toward the U.S. But Stalin's new memorandum switched the party-line emphasis to:
1. Considering Japan as Russia's chief enemy.
2. Conquest of Asia as the prime Red objective.
3. The intramural struggle among capitalist countries.
4. Restoration of satellite independence.
5. Scandinavia.
The "Cold" War 40. All but one of these hills has seen bloody fighting in Korea: 1. Siberia.
2. Bunker.
3. Jersey.
4. Capitol.
5. Finger. 41. The Kremlin angrily demanded the recall of U.S. Ambassador George F. Kennan because Kennan:
1. Imported too much frozen food into Russia.
2. Had become too friendly with his Russian servants.
3. Had refused to attend the 19th Congress of Soviet Communists.
4. Likened his life in Russia to existence in Nazi Germany.
5. Was never in Moscow to do business. 42. A Briton prominently mouthing Red germ-warfare charges is the Very Reverend: 1. Archbishop of Canterbury.
2. Dean of Canterbury Cathedral.
3. Archbishop of York.
4. Chaplain of the House of Commons.
5. Dean of Oxford. 43. Dealing with Red harassments in Germany is now part of the task of new U.S. High Commissioner: 1. John J. McCloy.
2. Lucius Clay.
3. George Allen.
4. Walter J. Donnelly.
5. John Carter Vin cent. 44. In Berlin, Reds removed a thorn in their side by boldly kidnaping: 1. Kurt Schumacher.
2. Alfried Krupp.
3. Dr. Walter Linse.
4. Ernst Reuter.
5. Dr. Theo Friede-nau.
The Allies 45. At a closed-door session of British M.P.s, Dean Acheson expressed regret over the poor U.S.-British liaison on: 1. Operation Holdfast.
2. Hewlett Johnson.
3. Mark Clark's bombing of power plants near the Yalu.
4. Appointment of a Mediterranean commander in chief.
5. Britain's armament slowdown. 46. The U.S. also tangled with Denmark over: 1. Tankers for Russia.
2. U.S. military maneuvers in Denmark.
3. A U.S. tariff on Copenhagen china.
4. Increased financial aid.
5. U.S. build-up of West Germany. 47. Japan and Britain had their $5 crisis. Its cause:
1. Japan sentenced two British sailors for assault and a $5 robbery.
2. Books on occupation costs didn't balance.
3. Two Japanese students at Oxford stole $5 and a don's toupee.
4. In Tokyo the British pound fluctuated wildly for two weeks.
5. British sailors complained about Geisha prices. 48. "Harbour" became "harbor" during Operation Mainbrace, a NATO war exercise dedicated to the defense of: 1. Formosa.
2. Germany and Austria.
3. England.
4. Norway and Denmark.
5. Italy. 49. In Strasbourg the assembly of Schuman Plan countries decided to go beyond economics, voted to: 1. Abolish all national boundaries.
2. Ask for union with the U.S.
3. Draft a constitution for Western European federation.
4. Declare war on Montenegro.
5. Disband itself.
No Red Fingers 50. When South Africa's Supreme Court declared against Prime Minister Malan's anti-colored legislation, Malan: 1. Fired the Supreme Court.
2. Started a purge of Negroes.
3. Packed the Court, got another decision.
4. Set up Parliament as a "High Court," overruled the Supreme Court.
5. Resigned as Prime Minister. 51. Home-grown troublemakers in Iran are the nationalist bully boys who take orders from bearded, anti-American:
/. Ahmed Qavam.
2. Mullah Kashani.
3. Ali Razmara.
4. Mohammed Mossadegh.
5. Hussein Makki. 52. This same Iranian kissed two Americans on both cheeks as a reward for their part in Operation hajj which was:
1. The withdrawal of American military advisers for Iran.
2. Destruction of locusts under the Point 4 program.
3. The outlawing of the Tudeh Party.
4. An airlift for pilgrims to Mecca.
5. Rehabilitation of Iranian oil fields. 53. Chief target of Mohammed Naguib's "anticorruption" drive in troubled Egypt is the Wafd: 1. A young-fascist league.
2. A Moslem secret society.
3. A powerful political party.
4. The Egyptian arm of the Arab League.
5. A women's army auxiliary.
Within Boundaries 54. In which of these countries did the cabinet ask for a constitutional amendment permitting a female heir to occupy the throne?
Denmark.
Norway.
Egypt.
Sweden.
Spain. 55. Britain's trade unions (in session at Margate) defeated "the Bevanly host" by voting to support rearmament and to restrain their demands for: 1. The closed shop.
2. Socializing all British industries.
3. Wage increases.
4. Full free medical care.
5. Salary cuts for the Royal Family, 56. To help solve both a political and a man-hour problem, a European country appointed not one but two Foreign Ministers. Which? 1. France.
2. Spain.
3. Denmark.
4. Sweden.
5. The Netherlands. 57. Salient feature of Mitbestim-mungsrecht, West Germany's new labor law, is its provision which: 1. Requires employers to share business decisions with their workers.
2. Makes the government a partner in most all big industries.
3. Requires all workers to join one big government-run union.
4. Inaugurates Germany's first widespread pension plan.
5. Prohibits closed-shop agreements between employers and unions. 58. Japanese voters gave their Communist countrymen a frightful drubbing, reduced their representation in the Diet's lower chamber from 22 to: 1. None.
2. 1. 3. 2.
4. 3. 5. 7. 59. Banished in India was zamindari*:
1. The practice of widows burning themselves on funeral pyres.
2. A system of tax-collecting unfavorable to the peasants.
3. Native dances considered indecent by the Brahmans.
4. The Hindu caste system.
5. An excessively intoxicating beverage.
ALL THE WHILE
Arts & Entertainment 70. Flowers of St. Francis, episodes from the life of Francis of Assisi, is another film masterpiece directed by:
1. Alfred Hitchcock. 4. John Huston.
2. Fred Zinnemann. 5. John Ford.
3. Roberto Rossellini. 71. In MGM's rousing medieval horse opera, Ivanhoe's faithful Squire Wamba is really:
Finlay Currie. Felix Aylmer. Broderick Crawford.
Emlyn Williams. Joan Fontaine. 72. The Strange Ones, a cinema adaptation of Jean Cocteau's Les Enfant s Terribles, is the tragedy of:
1. A little girl who imagines phantom playmates.
2. Children in German concentration camps.
3. A brother and sister living in a world of their own.
4. A group of avant-garde painters.
5. Five very unruly children. 73. Tongue-in-cheek, Buccaneer Burt Lancaster roams the Mediterranean in this take-off on pirate movies :
1. The Black Pirate.
2. Fearless Pagan.
3. The Crimson Pirate.
4. Monkey Busi, ness.
5. Captain Blood. 74. Journey to the Far Pacific shows this governor to be well-briefed on the Orient: 1. Earl Warren.
2. Adlai Stevenson.
3. Frank J. Lausche. 4. Alfred E. Driscoll.
5. Thomas E. Dew75. The gamy, lurid story of Cathy Trask dominates John Steinbeck's new novel: l. Arrow in the
Blue.
2. The Center of the Stage. 3. The Man on a Donkey.
4. Mrs. Reynolds.
5. East of Eden. 76. As Main Street was to Sauk Centre so is Edna Ferber's Giant to: 1. New York. 4. Wisconsin.
2. Texas. 5. California.
3. Oklahoma. 77. On Roaring Mountain by Lemonade Lake is one of the sex-laden novelettes which make up the new book by: 1. A. A. Milne.
2. H.F: M. Prescott.
3. Kathleen Winsor.
4. Christine Gamier.
5. Lydia Kirk. 78. At the Sixth Edinburgh Festival all but one of these musicians played in the magnificent Festival Piano Quartet: 1. Clifford Curzon.
2. Joseph Szigeti.
3. William Primrose. " 4. Pierre Fournier.
5. Sir Thomas Beecham. 79. Partly inspired by stroboscopic photographs, Artist Diego Rivera recently attempted a study in motion, his: 1. Portrait of William O'Dwyer leaving New York.
2. Portrait of Ana Merida, a ballet dancer.
3. Nude Descending a Staircase.
4. A tapestry for the office of the French Premier.
5. Stage sets for the New York City Ballet Company. 80. In Too Old to Cut the Mustard popular Rosemary Clooney sings a raucous country alto to the improbable baritone of: 1. Paul Dixon.
2. Lee Wiley.
3. Marlene Dietrich.
4. Guy Mitchell.
5. Eddie Cantor. 81. Still opposed to space ships and six-shooters, Nila Mack begins her 23rd year of presenting witches and fairy godmothers. Her popular racfio program: 1. Uncle Billy's Whiz Bang.
2. Magic Cottage.
3. Aunt Nila's Story Hour.
4. Let's Pretend.
5. Mr. I. Magination. 82. Stanley Young has adapted for the stage the Dickens classic:
1. The Pickwick Papers.
2. Oliver Twist.
3. Great Expectations.
4. A Christmas Carol.
5. Bleak House. 83. Big blow-up of Arthur Kober's Having Wonderful Time is the
Broadway musical: 1. The King and I.
2. The Moon is Blue.
3. Pal Joey.
4. Wish You Were Here.
5. New Faces of 1952.
Science & Medicine 84. As an epidemic gripped Houston, Texas, doctors injected thousands of children with gamma globulin to see if it will prevent: 1. Sleeping sickness.
2. Skin cancer.
3. Polio paralysis.
4. Drug addiction.
5. Diphtheria. 85. This summer souvenir hunters were making things tough for Archeologist Thomas Lee who has uncovered on Lake Huron's Canadian shore: 1. An ancient Greek-like temple.
2. Some of the richest Indian diggings in North America.
3. Kitchen middens of an early D.A.R. encampment.
4. Relics of an ancient Viking settlement.
5. Evidence of Mayan penetration into Canada. 86. From his work on frogs and rabbits, French Biologist Jean Rostand regards as a frightening possibility human parthenogenesis, or: 1. Virgin birth.
2. Men becoming giants.
3. The development of a third sex.
4. Overdevelopment of warty tissue.
5. A race of two-headed men. 87. Jiirgen Spanuth, Lutheran pastor, who set out from the port of Husum late this summer, claims he found: 1. The Lost Atlantis.
2. The sunken continent of Mu.
3. A second magnetic North Pole.
4. Lemuria.
5. Leif Ericsson's colony in Greenland.
Press 88. For the first time in the memory of publishers, a U.S. magazine (LIFE) printed a novel complete in one issue before its appearance in book form: 1. Malamud's The Natural.
2. De Hartog's The Distant Shore.
3. Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.
4. Conrad's Matador.
5. Halsey's The Folks at Home. 89. For his unearthing of "Tubbo" Gilbert's testimony before the Kefauver committee, the Chicago Sun-Times's Ray Brennan:
1. Was promoted to an editorship.
2. Received a Pulitzer award.
3. Lost his job.
4. Was indicted for impersonating a Government employee.
5. Was named "Newspaperman of the Year." 90. British newsmen cheered the passage in the House of Commons of new, more liberal: 1. Regulations on newsprint.
2. Wage regulations.
3. Laws on release of government classified documents.
4. Libel statutes.
5. Rules on press coverage of Parliament.
Religion and Education 91. Bishop Fulton J. Sheen announced he: 1. Had been appointed Papal Secretary.
2. Was dropping his part in the Catholic Hour.
3. Would no longer do his TV program.
4. Was leaving the Church.
5. Was accepting a cigarette sponsor for his TV program. 92. The National Education Association blazed with anger at the American Legion for branding N.E.A. leadership as:
1. A front for the Commies.
2. A force for propagating Socialism.
3. Incompetent.
4. A pacifistic group.
5. The captive of Wall Street. 93. The church of San Domenico in Perugia was the scene of an event that troubled the Vatican:
1. An anticlerical riot.
2. The publication of a semi-clandestine political magazine.
3. A sermon by a minister of the Church of Christ.
4. A performance of Leonide Massine's new ballet.
5. The sacristy was robbed. 94. At Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, admirers dedicated a museum to the man whose "readers" had probably had more influence on U.S. literary tastes and moral standards than any other book except the Bible: 1. John Dewey.
2. Harold Rugg.
3. Nicholas Murray Butler.
4. William Holmes McGuffey.
5. Frederick Herbert Sill.
Sports 95. Latest of golf's royal family to add a jewel to the family crown--the P.G.A. championship--was: 4. Claude Harmon.
5. Ellsworth Vines. 96. Sugar Ray Robinson failed to become the third man in ring history ever to hold three ring titles when he was knocked out by Light-Heavyweight:
1. Rocky Marciano.
2. Harry Matthews.
3. Randy Turpin.
4. Joey Maxim.
5. Archie Moore.
97. Two-time winner of the Olympic
Decathlon is:
1. Bob Mathias.
2. Jim Thorpe.
3. Frank Merriwell.
4. Jack Armstrong.
5. Jim Fuchs.
98. Ingrova Zapotek won the javelin toss and her husband Emil swept three distance races to bring four Olympic firsts home to their native:
1. Czechoslovakia. 4. Poland.
2. Hungary. 5. Italy.
3. Russia.
99. Her crop of sensational youngsters made it likely that the Davis Cup might remain for the next decade in:
1. Great Britain.
2. New Zealand.
3. Mexico.
4. Australia.
5. France.
100. As the Russians might say--after seven games of "bestial battle, a bloody fight with murder and mayhem," the World Series beizbol title went to the:
1. New York 4. St. Louis Cardi-Yankees. nals.
2. New York Giants. 5. Cleveland Indi-3. Brooklyn Dodgers. ans.
TIME COVER QUIZ
Twenty-one prominent men and women have appeared on the covers of TIME since June. How many can you name after reading these excerpts from the TIME stories about them? You needn't have read the TIME story to answer.
101. "[His] candidacy and withdrawal will not damage the widespread affection in which he is held. His age has only mellowed the robust geniality that has always been his political stock in trade. He combines a strong Methodist sense of personal honesty, loyalty and principles with a belief that U.S. politics is a process of compromise rather than an instrument of doctrinaire philosophy or a weapon of personal ambition. And he discovered early in the game that a sense of humor could ease the process for everybody."
102. "[He] holds millions at his mercy.
As a secretary of the Central Committee, a member of the Politburo and of the Orgburo, he controls the party machinery, a vast, complex mechanism that reaches into every corner of Russia and beyond Russia's boundaries into the satellite nations and the party cells in the free nations." 103. "The U.N. buildings have roused the liveliest architectural debate in years . . . [but he] is used to having these stones shied at his glass houses. And he is a pragmatist. 'If in five years,' says he, 'somebody finds a way to build that is so much more wonderful that he wants to tear the U.N. down and rebuild it, why, let him.' "
104. "Her great personal success in the Shaw play [The Millionairess] may be explained by the fact that the part suits her down to the ground. For [she] is a Shavian heroine in real life: strong-minded, talkative, alternately irritating and fascinating, bursting with electric energy and remedies for all the world's ills."
105. "The basic Southern objection to him is clearly expressed by a supporter of Georgia's Herman Talmadge: '[He] is as bad a left-winger as the rest, except on the civil rights issue.' Says Herman himself: '[He] was just a bone tossed to the South. We don't like bones. We'll be a little less than enthusiastic.' "
The correct answers to the 105 questions
in the News Quiz are printed below.
You can rate yourself by comparing
your score with the scale: Below 50 --Poorly informed 51-65 --Not well-informed 66-80 --Somewhat well-informed 81-95 --Well-informed 96-105 --Very well-informed
* Zamindari was the word in SPELL IT OUT: Zsa Zsa Gabor; Anzus; Marilyn Monroe; India; Paavo Nurmi; Alfred E. Dtiscoll; Amerika; Roses; isoniazid.)
This file is automatically generated by a robot program, so reader's discretion is required.