Abstract

The quaternary ammonium compound choline or a precursor is needed in the diet as a constituent of certain phospholipids (lecithin) universally present in protoplasm. This makes choline an important nutritional substance. It is also of great physiological interest because one of its esters, acetylcholine, appears to be responsible for the mediation of parasympathetic nerve impulses and has been postulated to be essential to the transmission of impulses of all nerves. Acetylcholine and other more stable compounds that simulate its action are pharmacologically important because of their powerful effect on the heart and on smooth muscle. Choline is used clinically in liver disorders. Its principal commercial use is as a constituent in animal feeds usually as the chloride.

Choline's properties, biological functions, occurrence, preparation, analysis, and uses are discussed. Some of its salts and derivatives are also described.