Abstract

Aliphatic, linear dicarboxylic acids of the general formula HOOC(CH₂);ynCOOH, and branched dicarboxylic acids are the subject of this article. These dibasic acids are referred to by their trivial names, IUPAC system, or by adding the suffix “dicarboxylic acid” to the name of the hydrocarbon skeleton. For example, a 10-carbon atom dibasic acid is designated sebacic acid, decanedioic, or 1,8-octane-dicarboxylic acid. Physical and chemical properties of most of the common dibasic acids are given and discussed.

Manufacture, preparation, and processes for glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, zelic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, C-19, C-20, C-21, and C-22 dicarboxylic acids are given. Also discussed is the preparation of dicarboxylic acids using microorganisms.

The diacids are important industrial intermediates for the manufacture of diesters, polyesters, and polyamides. These derivatives find application as plasticizing agents, lubricants, heat-transfer fluids, dielectric fluids, fibers, copolymers, inks and coatings resins, surfactants, fungicides, insecticides, hot melt coatings, and adhesives. The prices and mode of shipment for the various commercial grades of the diacids are given. The toxicities and environmental effects of the diacids are also discussed.