Abstract

Diffusion separation methods refer collectively to processes such as gaseous diffusion and gas centrifugation, developed specifically for difficult separations such as those involving the isotopes of uranium. These processes, used worldwide primarily for uranium enrichment, are based on the differences that exist in the rates of gaseous diffusion of the particular isotopes. These difficult separations almost always involve an aggregation of separation units known as a casade.

Casade design, unit separative capacity, ideal and real casades, and various separation factors are presented. Equipment and plant design for the enrichment of uranium-235 by gaseous diffusion, by various pressure diffusion processes, and by jet diffusion, also known as the separation nozzle process, is discussed.