Abstract

Dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids occurs by self-condensation, reaction with acrylic acid, or reaction with carbon monoxide. The physical properties of the resultant di-(or poly-) carboxylic acid species are listed for a few common cases. The reactions, catalysts, conditions, and equipment used for synthesis and manufacture are discussed. Analytical methods that may be used in characterization of these materials are covered with some evaluation of alternative methods. Since some use of these materials is made in food contact applications, a review of toxicity and safety and handling aspects is included. The uses of these materials are quite varied, although the majority of them involve reactive or nonreactive polyamides being made from them. Bibliographical references are included for those seeking more detail on the history, production, or use of these products.