Abstract

Dye carriers are used most commonly in the dyeing of polyester. Carriers are used to lower the glass-transition temperature so the dye solution can penetrate the fiber. Carriers, under controlled conditions and selectivity, can give good color yield and fastness properties. Dye carriers are especially needed for atmospheric dyeing and occasionally for high temperature dyeing. However, most high temperature dyeings are run with high temperature levelers. Some carriers have found more acceptance than others due to availability, cost, environmental concerns, odors, etc. All carriers must be homogeneously dispersed in the dyebath to get full color yield. Carriers should be selected according to the equipment and conditions under which they are to be used. The fabric blend, color yield, and migration are also some factors to be considered when selecting carriers. Dye carriers are supplied by many chemical manufacturing companies. A list of these companies is provided.