Abstract

Froth flotation is a surface chemistry-based separations process extensively used in mineral processing, coal desulfurization, and water treatment. Flotation-based separations transcend the field of mineral technology. The article describes the flotation process, its physicochemical basis, kinetic considerations, chemicals used in its industrial practice, their properties, and specific applications. Flotation machines including well- established ones and the more recent flotation columns as well as their arrangement in typical flotation circuit configurations are covered.

Numerous technological applications such as sulfide and nonsulfide ore flotation, water treatment, coal desulfurization, and recycling are highlighted with detailed flow sheets. The physicochemical bases of newer approaches including the gamma flotation process and two-liquid flotation are elaborated. Potential future applications and environmental aspects are also included.