Abstract

Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass-ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, photographic processing, and in batteries. The use of organic lithium compounds as industrial catalysts and the consumption of various lithium compounds in batteries are the most rapidly expanding markets.

The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, health and safety factors, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed.