Abstract

Industrial metal anodes can be classified into two groups: the anodes which facilitate a desired reaction, and those from which the product itself is evolved. Anodes can consist of one metal only or be of a conductive structure and carry a catalytic coating. Most technological and commercial advances have occurred in the field of coated metal anodes. Coated metal anodes have replaced the graphite anode in chlorine and sodium chlorate manufacture. Newer applications include cathodic protection systems, high speed electrogalvanizing, and copper foil production. Use of coated metal anodes has led to elimination of some environmental concerns in these industries.

The specific morphology of metallic anode coatings and the condition of the substrate surface have great influence on successful performance. Operating performance is an optimization of anode life and operating voltage. This optimization influences anode structure design and takes into account anode resistance, configuration, and adaptability for recoating.