Abstract

Monomolecular layers, the thinnest of thin films, can be prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett techniques or can result from self-assembly of monolayers. The former generally takes place at a solvent–air interface. Self-assembled monolayers generally form by adsorption of a surfactant-like molecule on a solid substrate placed in a solution. Layers generally consist of large surfactant molecules, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections. The design, preparation, and properties of these films are discussed. The various types of multilayer films are presented, as are the types of substrates employed. Whereas commercial production of these films has yet to be realized, the potential for monomolecular layers in sensors, electrooptics, and semiconductors is large.