Abstract

A pigment dispersion, which is used to apply color to the surface of the substrate, such as ink film on paper or paint film on a steel surface, is a uniform distribution of very fine pigment. The quality of the dispersion is dependent on variables such as crystal growth, wetting of the pigment, and flushing of the pigment. Equipment used to make pigment dispersions include kneaders and internal mixers, close tolerance mills, high speed fluid energy mills, and sand, bead, and shot mill.

In the construction of a pigment dispersion, variables such as dispersion concentration and compatibility of the carrier are adjusted on the intended final use. Dispersions can be supplied as flushed pigments, chip dispersions, or color concentrates. The primary applications of the pigment dispersions are in the preparation of printing inks, paints and coatings, and plastics. Historically, the printing ink industry has been the leading consumer of pigment dispersions in the United States. Significant changes are expected in the manufacture and composition of pigment dispersions, in response to environmental and safety regulations and increasing public awareness.