Abstract

Safety has played a dominant role in the ability to generate electricity by nuclear means because large quantities of highly radioactive fission products are generated with the energy from fission. Strict control is maintained over these radioactive materials to assure that public and worker health and safety are protected. The basic safety principles, defense-in-depth design philosophy, and key safety design features that apply to all nuclear facilities are discussed. Specific examples are given from nuclear power plant design. The methods of assessment of safety are described, both for self-assessment and independent assessment. The roles of industry and government in the assessment process are outlined. Comparative risks of nuclear power are substantially lower than most other methods of generating electricity. The specific safety characteristics of the nuclear power plant that generates the electricity, and of the nuclear fuel cycle, which functions to produce nuclear fuel and dispose of radioactive wastes are each given. Special focus is placed on the safe disposal of spent fuel and radioactive waste. The basic radiation exposure and health standards which establish the foundation of public and worker protection are cited. The safety of future nuclear power plants is summarized.