Abstract

Sedimentation as it applies to gravitational settling of solid particles or liquid droplets is discussed. Other aspects included are the pretreatment of slurries to improve settling rates and the enhancement of settling by slow cyclonic action or by electrosettling. The fundamental principles of sedimentation are reviewed for free, hindered, and zone settling of solids. The effects of coagulation and flocculation are also presented in terms of how these affect the gravity sedimentation process. A discussion of the batch settling tests on real suspension and the way industrial settlers are sized, as well as a review of clarifiers and thickeners, is included.