Abstract

This article gives an overview of textile materials, their classification, methods of manufacture, and uses. An attempt has been made, wherever possible, to demonstrate the broad range of applications textile materials have. It surveys the types and characteristics of textile fibers, indicating the chemical nature of fiber-forming polymers. Statistics on the worldwide production of the various fiber types are given. The methods of production of natural and synthetic fibers are discussed, and their conversion to yarns, fabrics, and nonwoven structures are described. The article explains the processes of dyeing and finishing for enhancing appearance and functionality of textile materials. An important section deals with the nonapparel uses of textiles, technical textiles that are manufactured for their technical performance rather than their aesthetic qualities. The final section deals with the latest developments in textiles, the smart (or intelligent) textiles. These types of textile materials are generating new applications for textiles, especially in healthcare and personal protective equipment, because they are capable of monitoring and responding to their environment. These materials represent the textile industry of the future and the article indicates the exciting prospect ahead for the textile industry.