Abstract

Tanks are used in chemical process industry not only to store gases, liquids, and solids, but also as vessels for unit operations and as reactors. The use of tanks as liquid containers, whether at atmospheric or low pressure, above or below ground, is emphasized. Physical properties important to stored liquids are reviewed. The main components of tanks, including roof and bottoms designs, materials of construction, and tank selection criteria are presented. Special engineering considerations of both low temperature and heated tanks as well as high pressure tanks (pressure vessels) are discussed, as are federal regulations pertaining to tanks. Tank spills and leaks, and also their causes, detection, and prevention, are discussed.