Abstract

Ultrafiltration is a pressure-driven filtration separation occurring on a molecular scale. Typically, a liquid including small dissolved molecules is forced through a porous membrane. Large dissolved molecules, colloids, and suspended solids that cannot pass through the pores are retained. Most ultrafiltration membranes are porous, asymmetric, polymeric structures produced by phase inversion, that is, the gelation or precipitation of a species from a soluble phase. Fouling is discussed. Electroultrafiltration, diafiltration, membrane equipment, systemization, and uses are thoroughly examined.